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Liphuputso tse fapaneng tse thehiloeng India li supile meningitis e le e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa lefu ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 5. Ka 2012, Mmuso oa India o ile oa hlahisa Entevalent Vaccine ho Lenaneo la Thibelo ea Bokahohle (UIP) ho phatlalla le naha mme ea koahela naha. ka 2017.
Le ha ho ata ha meningitis ho fokotsehile, ho ntse ho hlokahala hore ho tsoeloe leihlo ho lekola mekhoa e hlahelang ea lithibela-mafu le phepelo naheng. Bala ho bala ho tseba ka lefu le amang sechaba, lisosa tsa lona le mekhoa ea ho le thibela.
Meningitis ke Eng?
Meningitis ke tšoaetso e bakang ho ruruha ha lisele tse potileng mokokotlo le boko. Masea, bana, bacha le batho ba baholo kaofela ba ka ba le meningitis, leha mofuta oa meningitis o atisa ho fapana ho latela sehlopha sa lilemo.
Ho ruruha ha meninges (mosireletsi oa boko le mokokotlo, ke hore, li thibela boko le lesapo la mokokotlo ho angoa ke likokoana-hloko kapa ts'itiso efe kapa efe) ho etsahala ha mokelikeli o potileng sebaka seo o tšoaetsoa [1] .
Sena le sona se baka ho se sebetse ha meno, hammoho le mokelikeli oa cerebrospinal o sirelletsang likarolo tsa sistimi ea methapo e bohareng [pedi] .
Mefuta ea Meningitis ke Efe?
Meningitis e bakoa ke libaktheria kapa livaerase mme mefuta ea meningitis e arotsoe ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea meningitis ke baktheria le vaerase.
1. Meningitis ea vaerase
Mofuta o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa meningitis, viral meningitis o bobebe mme oa phekoloa o le mong. Hangata e bakoa ke livaerase tsa sehlopha sa Enterovirus, se lumellanang le liperesente tsa 85 tsa lefu lena [3] .
2. Bacterial meningitis
Mofuta ona oa meningitis oa tšoaetsana. Bacterial meningitis e bakoa ke mefuta e ikhethileng ea baktheria joalo ka Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes le Staphylococcus aureus.
Boemo bo ka bolaea haeba bo sa alafatsoe. Ho ea ka litlaleho, karolo ea 5 ho isa ho 40 lekholong ea bana le liperesente tse 20 ho isa ho 50 tsa batho ba baholo ba nang le ts'oaetso ea baktheria baa shoa [4] .
3. Fungal meningitis
Mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa meningitis, fungal meningitis e bakoa ke li-fungus tse kang Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma le Coccidioides. Fungus e tšoaetsa 'mele ebe e namela maling, ho tloha moo e eang bokong kapa mokokotlong.
4. Meningitis ea likokoana-hloko
E bakoang ke likokoana-hloko tse fumanoang mobu, mantle, lintho tsa lijo tse kang litlhapi tse tala, lihlahisoa le likhoho, parasitic meningitis e bakoa ke likokoana-hloko tse kang Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Baylisascaris procyonis le
Gnathostoma spinigerum.
Parasitic meningitis ha e tšoaetsanoe ka kotloloho, ke hore, ha e fetisoe ho tloha ho motho a le mong ho ea ho e mong. E jala ha likokoana-hloko li tšoaetsa phoofolo kapa ntho e jeoang, ebe e jeoa ke motho [5] .
5. Meningitis e sa tšoaetsanoeng
Meningitis e ka boela ea hlaha ka lebaka la mabaka a sa tšoaetsanoeng 'me ona o oela tlas'a karolo eo.
Lisosa tsa Meningitis ke Life?
Mofuta o mong le o mong oa ts'oaetso o na le lisosa tse fapaneng tsa tšoaetso ea vaerase e le sesosa se tloaelehileng haholo. Lebaka le leng le hlahelletseng ke tšoaetso ea baktheria le tšoaetso ea fungal e etsahala ka seoelo [6] [7] .
Lebaka la bacterial meningitis le fapana ho latela lilemo tsa motho ea nang le ts'oaetso. Ho masea a sa tsoa hlaha le masea a fihlang ho likhoeli tse tharo, lisosa tse tloaelehileng ke sehlopha sa B streptococci. Ho bana ba baholo, e bakoa ke Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) le Streptococcus pneumoniae. Le hoja ho batho ba baholo, e bakoa ke Neisseria meningitidis le Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Viral meningitis e bakoa ke livaerase tse kang vaerase ea Nile Bophirimela, ntaramane, mumps, HIV,
mmaselese, likokoana-hloko tsa herpes le Coltivirus.
Fungal meningitis e ka bakoa ke lintlha tse 'maloa. Lisosa tse ling ke ts'ebeliso ea li-immunosuppressants, tahlehelo ea boits'ireletso ba mmele ka lebaka la lilemo le HIV / AIDS.
Parasitic meningitis e bakoa ke likokoana-hloko tse kang Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Gnathostoma spinigerum le Schistosoma. Boemo bona bo hlaha hape ka lebaka la maemo a kang cysticercosis, toxocariasis, baylisascariasis le paragonimiasis.
Meningitis e sa tšoaetsanoeng e hlaha ka lebaka la maemo a mang a bongaka kapa kalafo e kang lupus, ho lemala hloohong, ho buuoa bokong, mofetše le meriana e itseng.
Matšoao a Meningitis ke afe?
Matšoao a pele a amanang le boemo a ts'oana le a feberu mme a hlaha ka matsatsi a 'maloa. Matšoao a meningitis a fapana ho latela lilemo tsa motho le mofuta oa ts'oaetso le matšoao a vaerase le baktheria meningitis a ka ts'oana qalong [8] .
Matšoao a vaerase meningitis ho masea ke a latelang:
- Ho teneha
- Ho hloka takatso ea lijo
- Lethargy
- Feberu
- Ho robala
Matšoao a tloaelehileng a meningitis ho batho ba baholo ke a latelang:
- Ho hlatsa
- Feberu
- Ho robala
- Molala o thata
- Ho oa
- Ho ba le kutlo ho khanya e khanyang
- Ho fokotsa takatso ea lijo
- Lethargy
- Ho nyekeloa
- Ho teneha
- Lethargy
- Ho opeloa ke hlooho
- Letlalo le pherese le tšoanang le matetetso
- Ho bata
- Ho ba le kutlo ho leseli (photophobia)
- Pherekano
- Ho ferekana maikutlo
Ho meningitis ea parasitic, matšoao a ts'oana le a fungal meningitis mme motho ka mong a ka hlaha 'mele. Meningococcal meningitis e tla ba le rashes 'meleng' me matšoao a boemo a kenyelletsa ho satalla ha molala, letšoao la Brudzinski le tšoaeang Kernig ha a hlahlojoa 'meleng [9] .
Lisosa tsa Kotsi ea Meningitis ke Life?
Lisosa tsa kotsi ea meningitis li kenyelletsa tse latelang [10] :
- Bocha
- Boimana
- Sesole sa mmele se fokolang kapa se fokolisitsoeng
- Ho lula sebakeng sa sechaba
- Ho qoba liente
Mathata ke afe a Meningitis?
Boemo bo bong le bo bong ba bongaka bo tloaetse ho ba le mathata le mathata a meningitis a mabe haholo mme a ka baka ho oela le tšenyo e sa feleng ea methapo haeba e sa alafatsoe [leshome le motso o mong] .
Mathata a meningitis ke a latelang:
- Ho hloleha ha liphio
- Ho tshoha
- Bokooa ba ho ithuta
- Ho lahleheloa ke kutlo
- Mathata a ho hopola
- Ramatiki
- Tšenyo ea boko
- Mathata a gait
- Hydrocephalus
- Lefu
Meningitis e Tsejoa Joang?
Ngaka e tla etsa tlhahlobo e ipapisitse le tlhahlobo ea 'mele, liteko tsa tlhahlobo le nalane ea bongaka. Ngaka e tla hlahloba tšoaetso hloohong, litsebeng, 'metso le letlalo le mokokotlong [12] . Phuputso / teko ea bohlokoahali ho meningitis ke LP (ho hlaba lumbar).
Tlhahlobo e tla kenyelletsa liteko tse latelang:
- Tomography ea k'homphieutha (CT)
- Litšoantšo tsa Magnetic resonance (MRI)
- Litso tsa mali
- X-rays sefubeng
Meningitis e Tšoaroa Joang?
Tlhokomelo ea bongaka ea boemo bona e latela mofuta oa meningitis.
Bacterial meningitis e hloka kalafo hanghang ka lithibela-mafu tse kenang methapong le corticosteroids. Kalafo ea meningitis ea vaerase e kenyelletsa phomolo ea bethe, ts'ebeliso ea mokelikeli le meriana e bohloko ea li-counter. Meriana e thibelang mafu e sebelisoa ho phekola fungal meningitis [13] .
Mefuta e setseng ea meningitis, lingaka li fana ka kalafo e thibelang likokoana-hloko le lithibela-mafu. Meningitis e sa tšoaetsanoeng e phekoloa ka corticosteroids. Maemong a mang a meningitis, kalafo ha e ea hlokahala ha boemo bo ntse bo ntlafala bo le bong.
Mehato ea thibelo ea meningitis ke efe?
Ha boemo bo bakoa ke livaerase tse tloaelehileng le libaktheria, bo ka hasana ka ho khohlela, ho aka, ka ho arolelana lisebelisoa joalo-joalo Mehato e latelang e ka thusa ho thibela ho ata ha meningitis [14] .
- Hlapa matsoho a hao
- Lula u phetse hantle (phomola, ikoetlise khafetsa, ja hantle)
- Itloaetse bohloeki
- Koahela molomo ha u ntse u khohlela kapa o thimola
- Bakhachane ba lokela ho ba hlokolosi haholo ka mekhoa ea ho ja
Ntle le tsena, meningitis e ka thibeloa ka ho nka liente.
Hangata lipotso tse botsoang
Q. Letšoao la pele la meningitis ke lefe?
Lilemo Feberu, ho hlatsa, ho opeloa ke hlooho, ho opeloa ke maoto le matsoho, letlalo le lebala, le matsoho le maoto a batang ke matšoao a pele a ho tšoaroa ke meningitis.
P. Na motho a ka pholoha meningitis?
Lilemo : Haeba ho sa alafatsoe meningitis ho ka bolaea. Empa, tlhokomelo ea bongaka e nakong le ho kenella ho ka thusa motho ho phela maemong ao.
P. Meningitis e ka u bolaea kapele hakae?
Lilemo : Meningitis e ka bolaea pele ho feta lihora tse 4.
P. Na hlooho ea meningitis e ikutloa joang?
Lilemo : Ho fapana le hlooho e tloaelehileng, motho o tšoaroa ke hlooho ea meningitis e ama hlooho ea hau kaofela mme ha e fumanehe sebakeng se itseng.
Sheba Litšupiso tsa Sengoloa- [1]Khan, F. Y., Yousef, H., & Elzouki, A. N. (2017). Rhabdomyolysis le ho hloleha ho matla ha renal ho amanang le pneumococcal meningitis: Tlaleho ea linyeoe le tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng. Tlaleho ea Libyan ea Saense ea Bongaka, 1 (1), 18.
- [pedi]Cooper, L. V., Kristiansen, P. A., Christensen, H., Karachaliou, A., & Trotter, C. L. (2019). Koloi ea Meningococcal ka lilemo lebanteng la meningitis ea Afrika: tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea litlhahlobo. Epidemiology & Tšoaetso, 147.
- [3]van Samkar, A., Brouwer, M. C., Schultsz, C., van der Ende, A., & van de Beek, D. (2015). Streptococcus suis meningitis: tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng le tlhahlobo ea litlhahlobo. PLoS e hlokomolohile mafu a tropike, 9 (10), e0004191.
- [4]Hussein, K., Bitterman, R., Shofty, B., Paul, M., & Neuberger, A. (2017). Tsamaiso ea posting-neurosurgical meningitis: tlhahlobo ea nalane. Clinical Microbiology le Ts'oaetso, 23 (9), 621-628.
- [5]Ogrodzki, P., & Forsythe, S. (2015). Tlhaloso ea Capsular ea mofuta oa Cronobacter le mokhatlo oa Cronobacter sakazakii le C. malonaticus capsule mefuta e nang le neonatal meningitis le necrotizing enterocolitis. Likokoana-hloko tsa BMC, 16 (1), 758.
- [6]Sinha, M. K., Prasad, M., Haque, S. S., Agrawal, R., & Singh, A. (2016). Boemo ba Kliniki ea Lactate Dehydrogenase Ketsahalo ho Cerebrospinal Fluid e nang le lilemo le phetiso ea thobalano ka mefuta e fapaneng ea Meningitis. MOJ Immunol, 4 (5), 00142.
- [7]Kakarlapudi, S. R., Chacko, A., Samuel, P., Verghese, V. P., & Rose, W. (2018). Papiso ea scrub typhus meningitis le a hlobaetsang le baktheria meningitis le meningitis ea lefuba. Lingaka tsa bana tsa India, 55 (1), 35-37.
- [8]Lv, S., Zhou, XN, & Andrews, J. R. (2017). Menositisi Eosinophilic bakoang ke Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
- [9]Heemskerk, A. D., Bang, N. D., Mai, N. T., Chau, T., Phu, N. H., Loc, P. P., ... & Lan, N. H. (2016). Phekolo e matlafatsang ea thibelo ea lefuba ho batho ba baholo ba nang le lefuba la meningitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 374 (2), 124-134.
- [10]Wilkinson, R. J., Rohlwink, U., Misra, U. K., Van Crevel, R., Mai, N. T., Dooley, K. E., ... & Thwaites, G. E. (2017). Meningitis e tšoaetsanoang. Litlhahlobo tsa Tlhaho Neurology, 13 (10), 581.
- [leshome le motso o mong]'Metli oa mapolanka, R. R., & Petersdorf, R. G. (1962). Bongata ba kliniki ea meningitis ea baktheria. Koranta ea Amerika ea bongaka, 33 (2), 262-275.
- [12]Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. (2015). Epidemiology le thibelo ea mafu a thibeloang ke ente. Setsi sa Bophelo sa Sechaba sa Washington DC, 2, 20-2.
- [13]Thaba, H. R., & Boyle, S. D. (2017). Aseptic le bacterial meningitis: tlhahlobo, kalafo le thibelo. Ke ngaka ea malapa, 96 (5), 314-322.
- [14]Rajasingham, R., Smith, R. M., Park, B. J., Jarvis, J. N., Govender, N. P., Chiller, T. M., ... & Boulware, D. R. (2017). Moroalo oa lefats'e oa maloetse a amanang le HIV a cryptococcal meningitis: tlhahlobo e ntlafalitsoeng. Lancet mafu a tšoaetsanoang, 17 (8), 873-881.
