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E tlameha ho shebella

Se ke oa Lahleha

Lapeng Bophelo bo botle Phepo e nepahetseng Nutrition oi-Amritha K Ka Amritha K. ka la 30 Mmesa, 2019

Ho tloha khale, veine ha e sebelisoe eseng feela bakeng sa boithabiso empa hape le maemong a fapaneng a bophelo. Seno se entsoe ka lero la morara o lomositsoeng, ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tse molemohali tsa ho kenyelletsa monate le bophelo bo botle. Ts'ebeliso e lekantsoeng ea veine e ka bakoa ke bophelo bo bolelele, ts'ireletso khahlano le mofetše le bophelo bo ntlafetseng ba kelello ^[1] . Molemo o mong oa ho noa veine o ka hlahisoa ke bophelo bo kotsi ba batho ba Mafora boo maemong a tloaelehileng bo ka lebisang lefung la lefu la pelo. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng ea veine nakong ea lijo e baka hore naha e be le linyeoe tse fokolang tsa lefu le amanang le lefu la pelo ^[pedi] .

Melemo e makatsang ea veine ha se ntho e fumanoeng ke lefatše la sejoale-joale hobane lipatlisiso tse entsoeng Univesithing ea Harvard li senotse hore nkho lebitleng la King Scorpion I, e qalileng ka 3150 BC e fumanoe e na le mesaletsa ea veine hammoho le masala a mang a litlama ^[3] . Che, ho bonahala eka ha se rona feela ba tsebang ka melemo ea veine! E nohetsoe ho pota lefatše, veine e na le sebaka se khethehileng bophelong ba motho. Ho tloha ho phahamiseng maikutlo a hau ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea pelo ea hau, seno se monate se hlaha ka mefuta e mehlano ea mantlha - veine e khubelu, veine e tšoeu, veine ea rose, veine e phatsimang le veine e matlafalitsoeng ^[4] .

Kajeno, re tla sheba ka botebo mefuta e atileng ka ho fetisisa ea veine, e khubelu le e tšoeu ebe re batla hore na ke mofuta ofe o tšoereng melemo ea bophelo bo botle ha o bapisoa.

Phapang lipakeng tsa veine e tšoeu le veine e khubelu

Ntho ea pele e tlang kelellong ea motho e mong le e mong ha a ntse a bua ka phapang lipakeng tsa veine e tšoeu le veine e khubelu ke phapang ea mebala joalo ka ha lebitso le bontša. Empa ha ho joalo feela!

Mefuta e fapaneng ea morara

Veine e tšoeu le veine e khubelu li entsoe ka mofuta o fapaneng oa morara. Ha veine e khubelu e etsoa ka morara o mofubelu, veine e tšoeu e entsoe ka morara o mosoeu. 'Mala oa morara o sebelisitsoeng ke phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa mefuta. Pinot Noir le Cabernet Sauvignon ke mefuta e meng ea veine e khubelu 'me Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, jj. ^[5] .

Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa morara

Veine e tšoeu ka bobeli le veine e khubelu li entsoe ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa morara. Ka mantsoe a mang, ha veine e khubelu e belisoa ka matlalo a morara le lipeo, veine e tšoeu ha e joalo. Letlalo le peo ea morara li fa veine e khubelu mmala o lefifi. Ho etsa veine e tšoeu, morara oa hatelloa ebe peo, letlalo le stems lia tlosoa pele ho belisoa ^[6] .

Bakeng sa ho lokisoa ha veine e 'ngoe e tšoeu, morara o mosoeu o belisoa ka matlalo le lipeo. Veine e entsoeng ka mokhoa ona e bitsoa Orange Wines 'me e na le tatso e tšoanang le ea veine e khubelu,' me mokhoa ona ha o sebelisoe hangata ^[5] .

Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho etsa veine

Litatso tse bonolo, tse ruileng, le tse boreleli tsa veine e khubelu le asiti e monate, lipalesa tse monate, le lintlha tse hloekileng tsa litholoana tsa veine li fumanoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng e amoheloang bakeng sa ho etsa veine. Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa ho etsa veine e khubelu le ho etsa veine e tšoeu ke ts'ebetso ea khase. Veine e khubelu e hlahisoa ka oxidation, e etsang hore veine e lahleheloe ke lipalesa le litholoana bakeng sa monko o monate oa linate le qetello e boreleli. ^[6] .

Ka ho sebelisa libarele tsa oak, maemo a oksijene aa eketseha a lumellang veine ho hema le ho kopana le oksijene, ka hona ho baka hore veine e khubelu e fumane tatso ea eona e enneng. Tabeng ea tlhahiso ea veine e tšoeu, ho pepeseha ha oksijene ho fokotsoa ka ho sebelisa litanka tsa tšepe tse sa hloekeng, tse netefatsang litholoana le veine ea veine. ^[5] , ^[7] .

Phepo e nepahetseng pakeng tsa veine e tšoeu le veine e khubelu

Le ha mefuta ka bobeli ea veine e na le limatlafatsi tse tšoanang, ho na le phapang lipakeng tsa veine e khubelu le boleng ba phepo e ntle ea veine e tšoeu ^[8] , ^[9] .

Metsoako	Veine e Tšoeu (100g)	Veine e khubelu (100g)
Lik'halori	Li-kcal tse 82

85 kcal Kakaretso ea lik'habohaedreite 2.6г 2.6 g Tsoekere 1 g 0,6 g Liprotheine 0,1 g 0,1 g Sodium 5 g 4 mg Potasiamo 71 mg 127 mg Magnesiamo 71 mg 127 mg Tšepe 0.5 mg ,. 1 mg Vithamine B6 7 mg 7 mg

Ha ho bapisoa boleng ba phepo ea veine e khubelu le veine e tšoeu, hoa utloahala hore veine e khubelu e na le livithamine le liminerale tse ngata haholo. Leha ho le joalo, veine e tšoeu e na le likhalori tse fokolang.

Melemo ea ho noa veine e tšoeu

Melemo e meng e meholo ea bophelo bo botle ba ho noa veine e tšoeu ke e latelang ^[10] , ^{[leshome le motso o mong]} , ^[12] :

E ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa matšoafo: Ho noa veine e tšoeu ho amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng ea matšoafo. Li-antioxidants tse teng veineng e tšoeu li thusa ho boloka lisele li phetse hantle 'me ka tsela eo li khothalletsa ho hema ho sa sitisoeng. Ho ea ka phuputso e entsoeng ke Univesithi ea Buffalo, ho senotsoe hore limatlafatsi tsa veine e tšoeu li na le bokhoni ba ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba matšoafo a hao le ho o boloka o sebetsa hantle.

E sireletsa pelo: Phuputso ea morao tjena e senotse hore ho noa veine e tšoeu ho molemo molemong oa bophelo ba pelo ea hau. E thusa ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho tšoaetsoa ke lefu la pelo ho fihlela liperesente tse 25.

Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele: Li-antioxidants epicatechin, quercetin le resveratrol ka veine e tšoeu li u thusa ho theola boima boo bo eketsehileng. Li-antioxidants tsena li thusa ho fokotsa tse ling hole le letheka la hao. Ho noa khalase e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa veine e tšoeu ka letsatsi ho thusa ho phahamisa boima ba' mele ka tsela e phetseng hantle.

E thibela mafu: O mong oa melemo e meng e meholo ea ho noa veine e tšoeu ke hore e thusa ho thibela ho qala ha mafu a itseng. Li-flavonoids tsa veine e tšoeu li na le thepa ea antioxidant e thusang ho sireletsa 'mele oa hau khahlano le mefuta e meng ea mofets'e, haholo kankere ea mala.

Tlanya mona ho bala haholoanyane ka melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba veine e tšoeu .

Go tlhoka mesola Ya Ho Noa White Veine

Ho noa veine e tšoeu e ngata haholo ho ka khutlisetsa leeto la hau ho la boima ba 'mele kaha li-calories li ka baka lekunutu le sa batleheng ^[13] .
Ho noa haholo ho ka lebisa bokhobeng ba tahi le chefo ea joala.
Maemong a mang, e ka baka pancreatitis.
Batho ba nang le maemo a pelo ba lokela ho noa veine e tšoeu ka mokhoa o laoloang hobane e baka khatello e phahameng ea mali, stroke, ts'enyo ea mesifa ea pelo le lefu la tšohanyetso ^[14] .
Ho molemo hore bakhachane ba lule hole le ho noa veine e tšoeu kaha e ka baka lefu la fetal alcohol ^[13] .
Veine e tšoeu e na le asiti ebile e ka ba mpe bakeng sa meno a hau.

Melemo ea ho noa veine e khubelu

Melemo e meng e meholo ea ho noa veine e khubelu ke e latelang ^{[leshome le metso e mehlano]} , ^[16] , ^[17] , ^[18] :

E matlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba pelo: Li-polyphenols, resveratrol le quercetin tse teng veineng e khubelu li na le bokhoni ba ho sireletsa pelo ea hau khahlano le maloetse a pelo. Limatlafatsi tse loantšang veine e khubelu li thusa ho liehisa kholo ea atherosclerosis. Ho noa veine e khubelu ho laoloa ho thusa ho fokotsa lefu la pelo le resveratrol e sirelletsa lisele tsa pelo ea hau tšenyo ea lisele kamora ho otloa ke stroke, e thibela ho aha ha platelet, hape e fokotsa bokella ba triglyceride le cholesterol.

E laola lefu la tsoekere: Ho noa veine e khubelu ho ka thusa ho fokotsa ho feta ha tsoekere ka maleng a manyane ebe ho ea maling. Ts'ebetso ena e liehang ho thusa e thibela sekhahla maemong a tsoekere ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. E bile e kenyelelitsoe morerong oa lijo tsa lefu la tsoekere, ka lebaka la melemo eo veine e khubelu e nang le eona.

E laola k'holeseterole: Ts'ebeliso e laoloang ea veine e khubelu e ka thusa ho ntlafatsa maemo a cholesterol e ntle ea HDL le ho theola maemo a mabe a LDL cholesterol. Sena le sona se thusa ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le mafu a pelo le methapo.

E loana le botenya: Piceatannol e kopaneng e teng morara o mofubelu e na le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale se ts'oanang le resveratrol. Piceatannol e thusa ho loantša botenya le boima ba 'mele ka ho thibela kholo le kholo ea lisele tse mafura.

E loana le tšenyo e mpe ea mahala: O mong oa melemo e meng e meholo ea ho noa veine e khubelu ke hore e thibela ho bokellana ha li-radical tse sa lefelloeng tse ka bakang mafu a sa foleng le a fokolisang, ho kenyelletsa mofetše, mafu a itšireletsang mafung, ramatiki ea lefu la masapo, lefu la pelo le methapo ea mafu. Boteng ba li-antioxidants le bona bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho loantseng tšenyo e mpe ea mahala.

Tse ling tsa melemo e meng e meholo ea ho noa veine e khubelu ke ho fokotsa bohloko ba manonyeletso, ho ka fokotsa ho fokotseha ha tsebo, ho thibela ho qala ha mofetše, le ho lelefatsa nako ea bophelo ka ho thibela ho qala ha mafu a amanang le lilemo. ^[17] .

Mathata a ho Noa Veine e Khubelu

Ho noa haholo ho ka eketsa menyetla ea ho tšoaetsoa ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang, kaha ho ka fokolisa sesole sa hau sa 'mele ^[19] .
Lintho tse hloekisang tse sebelisoang veineng li ka baka bohloko ba mpeng, letshollo esita le karabelo ea asthmatic.
Ho noa haholo ho ka senya litho tsa hau tsa ka hare.

Tse ling tsa lithuto li bontšitse hore ho noa veine ho bohlokoa haholo ho bophelo ba hau ho feta ho noa joala kapa biri. Kaha joale re se re potile botle le bobe ba veine e tšoeu le veine e khubelu, 'me re bapisa melemo ea phepo e nepahetseng, ho ka fumanoa hore e mong o betere ho latela bophelo bo botle ^[3] , ^{[mashome a mabeli]} . Mme kamora ho hlahloba le ho lekola pakeng tsa melemo hammoho le litla-morao tse nang le veine e tšoeu le veine e khubelu, ho ka tiisoa hore veine e khubelu ke eona e hlotseng ka ho hlaka! Ha ho bolele hore veine e tšoeu e kotsi molemong oa bophelo ba hau kapa ha e na melemo ho 'mele oa hau.

Veine e khubelu le e tšoeu ka bobeli e ka ba molemo bophelong ba hau ha e nooa ka mokhoa o laoloang le o itekanetseng. Leha ho le joalo, ha e bapisoa le veine e tšoeu, veine e khubelu e ntse e tsoela molemo pelo ea hau ka lebaka la boteng ba antioxidant resveratrol ^{[mashome a mabeli a motso o le mong]} . Veine e tšoeu, leha e na le li-antioxidants, e na le bongata bo lekanyelitsoeng kaha letlalo la morara le tlosoa kamora hore morara o silafatsoe.

Veine e khubelu e na le li-polyphenol tse thusang ho loants'a botsofali pele ho nako, e se nang veine e tšoeu ^{[mashome a mabeli]} .

Tabeng ea likhalori, khalase ea veine e tšoeu e na le likhalori tse 121 ha veine e khubelu e na le likhalori tse 127 ^[22] .

Veine e khubelu e na le silicone e phahameng ho feta veine e tšoeu, e etsang hore e be mofani ea atlehang oa bophelo bo botle ba masapo a hau. Ha e bapisoa le veine e tšoeu, veine e khubelu e thusa ho eketsa letsoalo la masapo le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa lefu la masapo.

Ha u fetela melemo le litla-morao tse nang le veine e khubelu le veine e tšoeu, motho a ka supa habonolo hore veine e khubelu e feta veine e tšoeu ka likarolo tse 'maloa. Ho tloha ho ntlafatseng bophelo ba pelo ea hau ho isa ho fokotseng kotsi ea lefu la masapo, tšebeliso e itekanetseng ea veine e khubelu e ka thusa bophelo ba hau ka litsela tse ngata ^{[2. 3]} .

Kahoo, haeba u batla khetho e nepahetseng pakeng tsa lino tse peli, veine e khubelu ke karabo ea hau! Metsoako e ruileng, e boreleli le e boreleli ea veine e khubelu e nang le melemo e mengata ke tlatsetso e phetseng hantle boithabisong ba hau.

Ho senyeha ha veine ea ho noa

Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e tlisoang ke melemo e tlameha ho ba le lehlakore le lebe ho eona, mme veine ha e fapane. Leha veine e khubelu, hammoho le veine e tšoeu, e na le melemo e itseng eo e e fuoang, tšebeliso ea joala e le mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba motho ha ea lokela ho buelloa - ka lebaka la bongata ba litlamorao tse mpe le tšebeliso e mpe ea tahi e ka bang le 'mele oa hau le kelello ^[24] . Likotsi tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea joala li fapana ho tloha sebeteng le ho hloleha ha pelo ho isa lefung, ka hona ho bohlokoa hore o boloke litekanyetso tsa hau tsa ts'ebeliso e nyane. Ho noa khalase ea veine e khubelu ka letsatsi ke palo e holimo haholo, leha ho le joalo, likhalase tse peli le tsona li ke ke tsa u utloisa bohloko.

Ho noa haholo ho ka baka tšenyo ea litho tsa hau hobane veine e khubelu ka boeona ke neurotoxin e ka chefo bokong le sebeteng. Ho noa haholo ho sa feleng, ho latela liphuputso tsa morao-rao, ho amana le kotsi ea mofetše oa matsoele. Phuputso e senotse hore basali ba eketsang tšebeliso ea bona ea joala ba tobane le kotsi e kholo ea mofetše oa matsoele ^[25] , ^[26] .

E 'ngoe ea litla-morao tsa ts'ebeliso ea veine ke hore metsoako ea maiketsetso joalo ka litlolo tse nkhang hamonate, tse tsitsisang le tse hlakisang tse sebelisetsoang ho ntlafatsa tatso,' mala, botenya le sethala sa bophelo ba veine. ^[27] . Li-sulphite tse sebelisitsoeng veineng li ka baka litlamorao ho batho ba bang joalo ka dermatitis, ho ruruha, bohloko ba mpeng, letshollo, liphetoho tsa asthmatic esita le anaphylaxis e sokelang bophelo ^[28] .

Sheba Litšupiso tsa Sengoloa

[1]Sejeremane, J. B., & Walzem, R. L. (2000). Melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba veine Tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo ea phepo e nepahetseng, 20 (1), 561-593.
[pedi]Xiang, L., Xiao, L., Wang, Y., Li, H., Huang, Z., & He, X. (2014). Melemo ea bophelo bo botle ea veine: Se ke oa lebella hore resveratrol e ngata haholo. Chemistry ea lijo, 156, 258-263.
[3]Yoo, Y. J., Saliba, A. J., MacDonald, J. B., Prenzler, P. D., & Ryan, D. (2013). Boithuto ba setso le setso ba bareki ba veine mabapi le melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba veine.Boleng ba Lijo le Khetho, 28 (2), 531-538.
[4]Shrikhande, A. J. (2000). Lihlahisoa tsa veine tse nang le melemo ea bophelo bo botle. Patlisiso ea Lijo ea Machabeng, 33 (6), 469-474.
[5]Siemann, E.H, & Creasy, L.L (1992). Khakanyo ea phytoalexin resveratrol ka veine. American Journal of Enology le Viticulture, 43 (1), 49-52.
[6]Singleton, V. L., & Trousdale, E. K. (1992). Likamano tsa Anthocyanin-tannin li hlalosa phapang lipheneng tsa polymeric lipakeng tsa veine e tšoeu le e khubelu American Journal of Enology le Viticulture, 43 (1), 63-70.
[7]Klatsky, A. L., Armstrong, M. A., & Friedman, G. D. (1997). Veine e khubelu, veine e tšoeu, joala, biri, le kotsi ea ho kena sepetlele maloetse a methapo ea mali Koranta ea Amerika ea lefu la pelo, 80 (4), 416-420.
[8]Wollin, S. D., & Jones, P. J. (2001). Joala, veine e khubelu le lefu la pelo. Journal ea phepo e nepahetseng, 131 (5), 1401-1404.
[9]Katalinić, V., Milos, M., Modun, D., Musić, I., & Boban, M. (2004). Katleho ea antioxidant ea veine e khethiloeng ha e bapisoa le (+) - katekin. Khemistri ea lijo, 86 (4), 593-600.
[10]Guilford, J. M., & Pezzuto, J. M. (2011). Veine le bophelo bo botle: Tlhatlhobo American Journal of Enology le Viticulture, 62 (4), 471-486.
[leshome le motso o mong]Khokahano, K. M., Hu, B. F., Camargo, C. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B. (2001). Phuputso e lebelletsoeng ea mekhoa ea ho noa mabapi le kotsi ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere har'a banna Lefu la tsoekere, 50 (10), 2390-2395.
[12]Mukamal, K. J., Conigrave, K. M., Mittleman, M. A., Camargo Jr, C. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B. (2003). Likarolo tsa mokhoa oa ho noa le mofuta oa joala bo nooang ke lefu la pelo ho banna New England Journal of Medicine, 348 (2), 109-118.
[13]Van de Wiel, A., & De Lange, D. W. (2008). Likotsi tsa pelo le methapo li amana haholo le mokhoa oa ho noa ho fapana le mofuta oa lino tse tahang Neth J Med, 66 (11), 467-473.
[14]Jarisch, R., & Wantke, F. (1996). Veine le hlooho.Litlaleho tsa machabeng tsa allergy le immunology, 110 (1), 7-12.
[leshome le metso e mehlano]Opie, L.H, & Lecour, S. (2007). Khopolo-taba ea veine e khubelu: ho tloha likhopolong ho isa ho limolek'hule tse sireletsang. Koranta ea pelo ea Europe, 28 (14), 1683-1693.
[16]Saremi, A., & Arora, R. (2008). Litlamorao tsa pelo le joala le veine e khubelu Koranta ea Amerika ea tsa kalafo, 15 (3), 265-277.
[17]Szmitko, P. E., & Verma, S. (2005). Matla a antiatherogenic a veine e khubelu: ntlafatso ea lingaka American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 288 (5), H2023-H2030.
[18]Ellison, R. C. (2002). Ho leka-lekanya likotsi le melemo ea lino tse tahang ka mokhoa o itekanetseng. Annals ea New York Academy of Sciences, 957 (1), 1-6.
[19]Higgins, L. M., & Llanos, E. (2015). Ho khotsofatsa hamonate? Bareki ba veine le melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba veine Veine Economics le Leano, 4 (1), 3-11.
[mashome a mabeli]Seigneur, M., Bonnet, J., Dorian, B., Benchimol, D., Drouillet, F., Gouverneur, G., ... & Bricaud, H. (1990). Phello ea tšebeliso ea joala, veine e tšoeu le veine e khubelu ts'ebetsong ea platelet le serum lipids. Journal of Applied Cardiology, 5 (3), 215-222.
[mashome a mabeli a motso o le mong]Fuhrman, B., Volkova, N., Suraski, A., le Aviram, M. (2001). Veine e tšoeu e nang le thepa e ts'oanang le veine e khubelu: keketseho e ntšoang ea letlalo la morara polyphenols e ntlafatsa matla a antioxidant a veine e tšoeu e fumanoeng. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49 (7), 3164-3168.
[22]Whitehead, T. P., Robinson, D., Allaway, S., Syms, J., & Hale, A. (1995). Phello ea ho kenella ha veine e khubelu ho antioxidant matla a serum. Clinical Chemistry, 41 (1), 32-35.
[2. 3]Pignatelli, P., Ghiselli, A., Buchetti, B., Carnevale, R., Natella, F., Germano, G., ... & Violi, F. (2006). Polyphenols synergistically e thibela khatello ea mali ho lihlooho tse fuoeng veine e khubelu le e tšoeu. Altherosclerosis, 188 (1), 77-83.
[24]Fuhrman, B., Lavy, A., & Aviram, M. (1995). Ho sebelisoa ha veine e khubelu le lijo ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea lero la mali la motho le lipoprotein e tlase ho lipid peroxation. Koranta ea Amerika ea phepo e nepahetseng ea bongaka, 61 (3), 549-554.
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