BOTENYA: MEFUTA, LISOSA, MATŠOAO, MATHATA LE PHEKOLO

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E tlameha ho shebella

Se ke oa Lahleha

Lapeng Bophelo bo botle Pheko ea mathata Mathata a phekola oi-Amritha K Ka Amritha K. ka la 21 Pulungoana, 2019| E hlahlobisitsoe ke Alex Maliekal

Botenya ke ho fetella ha mafura a 'mele. India, botenya bo fetohile seoa ha liperesente tse 5 tsa naha li angoa ke bona. Taba ha se taba ea boithabiso feela empa e ka eketsang menyetla ea ho ba le mafu a mang le mathata a mangata a bophelo bo botle.

Botenya bo hlalosoa e le ho ba le index ea boima ba 'mele (BMI) ea 30 kapa ho feta. BMI e baloa ka ho ela hloko bolelele le boima ba motho. Lintho tse ling tse kang lilemo, bong, morabe le mesifa ea motho li ka ama kamano pakeng tsa mafura a 'mele le BMI. Leha ho le joalo, BMI ke sesupo se tloaelehileng sa boima bo feteletseng ^[1] ^[pedi] .

Ho tseba BMI ea hau, o tlameha ho arola boima ba hau ka kilograma ka bolelele ba hau ho limithara tse sekwere (BMI = kg / m2).

Lekola BMI ea hau mona.

Mefuta ea Botenya

Ho na le likarolo tse ngata tsa botena. Boemo boa khetholloa ho latela sebaka sa phepelo ea mafura, ho kopana le maloetse a mang le boholo le palo ea lisele tse mafura ^[3] .

Ho ipapisitse le kamano le mafu a mang, botenya bo arotsoe ka makhetlo a mabeli mme ke tse latelang:

Mofuta oa 1 botenya: Mofuta ona oa botenya o bakoa ke ho ja likhalori tse ngata le ho se ikoetlise.
Mofuta oa 2 botenya: E bakoa ke mafu a kang hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian disease, le insulinoma jj. Botenya ba mofuta oa 2 ha bo fumanehe hangata ebile bo lumellana le liperesente tse 1 feela tsa linyeoe tsohle tsa botenya. Motho ea nang le mofuta oa bobeli ba botenya o tla ba le boima bo sa tloaelehang le ha a ka ja lijo tse fokolang.

Ho ipapisitse le sebaka sa phepelo ea mafura, botenya bo arotsoe ka tse tharo mme ke tse latelang ^[4] :

Botenya ba pheriferale: Mofuta ona oa botenya ke ha pokello ea mafura a mangata e le lethekeng, marameng le liropeng.
Botenya bo bohareng: Mofuta ona oa botenya ke ha pokello ea mafura a mangata e le bohareng ba mpa.
Motsoako oa tsona ka bobeli

Ho ipapisitse le boholo le palo ea lisele tse mafura, botenya bo ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'meli mme ke tsona ^[4] :

Botenya ba mofuta oa batho ba baholo: Mofuteng ona oa botenya, ke feela boholo ba lisele tse mafura tse eketsoang le ho hola nakong ea lilemo tse bohareng.
Botenya ba mofuta oa bana: Ho sena, palo ea lisele tse mafura ea eketseha mme e rarahane haholo hobane palo ea lisele e batla e sa khone ho fokotsoa.

Lisosa Tsa Botenya

Ho nona hangata ho bakoa ke tšusumetso ea boits'oaro, liphatsa tsa lefutso, ts'oaetso le lihormone boima ba 'mele, mme lebaka la mantlha ke ho ja khalori. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho ja lik'hilojule tse ngata ho feta tseo u li chesang mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi le ho ikoetlisa ho lebisa botenya ^[5] .

Lisosa tse atileng haholo tsa botena ke tse latelang:

Lijo tse fokolang tsa lijo tse nang le mafura le likhalori tse ngata
Ho tsofala hobane ho tsofala ho ka lebisa mesifa e fokolang ea mesifa le ho fokotsa butle haholo ts'ebeliso ea mmele
Ho hloka boroko, ho ka lebisang liphetohong tsa li-hormone tse etsang hore u ikutloe u lapile le ho lakatsa lijo tse nang le likhalori tse ngata
Mokhoa oa ho phela ka bolulo
Liphatsa tsa lefutso
Boimana

Ntle le tsena, maemo a mang a bongaka a ka baka botenya, joalo ka a latelang ^[6] :

Hypothyroidism (qoqotho e sa sebetseng)
Cushing lefu
Lefu la Polycystic ovary (PCOS)
Lefu la Prader-Willi
Osteoarthritis

Matšoao a Botenya

Letšoao la pele la tlhokomeliso ea botenya le ntse le eketseha ho feta boima ba 'mele. Ntle le moo, matšoao a botena ke a latelang ^[7] :

Ho koaleha moea ka nakoana borokong
Majoe a majoe
Osteoarthritis
Mathata a ho robala
Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane
Metsing ea varicose
Mathata a letlalo a bakoang ke mongobo

Lisosa tsa Likotsi Tsa Botenya

Lintho tse fapaneng tse kang motsoako oa liphatsa tsa lefutso, tikoloho le kelello li bapala karolo e kholo ho ekeng kotsi ea motho ea ho ba le botenya ^[8] .

Liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa lefa la lelapa (ke hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tseo u li futsitseng ho batsoali ba hau li ka ama palo ea mafura a 'mele a bolokiloeng le ho ajoa' meleng oa hau).
Likhetho tsa bophelo tse kang lijo tse se nang phepo, lino tse nang le likhalori tse ngata, ho hloka mesebetsi jj.
Maloetse a mang (joalo ka Prader-Willi syndrome, Cushing syndrome jj.)
Meriana e kang litlhare tse loantšoang khatello ea maikutlo, li-anti-depressing, meriana ea lefu la tsoekere, meriana e thibelang mafu le tse ling.
Metsoalle le lelapa (haeba u nona ho feta, menyetla ea ho nona e eketseha)
Lilemo
Boimana
Ho tsuba
Microbiome (gut bacteria)
Ho hloka boroko
Khatello ea maikutlo
Ke-ja lijo

Mathata a Botenya

Batho ba nonneng ka ho fetelletseng ba tloaetse ho ba le mathata a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle haholo.

Mathata a maholo a kenyelletsa tse latelang ^[9] ^[10] :

Mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere
Lefu la pelo
Mofets'e o mong (ovary, letsoele, molomo oa popelo, popelo, colon, rectum, sebete, gallbladder, liphio, prostate jj.)
Cholesterol e phahameng
Maloetse a gallbladder
Leqeba
Mathata a basali le a thobalano
Mathata a silang lijo

Ntle le tsena, botenya bo ka ama bophelo ba motho hampe. Ho sithabela maikutlo, ho itšehla thajana, ho holofala, ho se atlehe mosebetsing, ho soaba joalo-joalo ke tse ling tsa litsela tseo botenya bo ka amang boleng ba motho ba bophelo ^[10] .

Tlhahlobo ea Botenya

Ngaka e tla qala ka tlhahlobo ea 'mele le ho khothaletsa liteko ho utloisisa ho teba ha boemo ^{[leshome le motso o mong]} .

Tlhahlobo ea nalane ea bophelo bo botle
Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea 'mele
Palo ea BMI
Bophahamo ba letheka bo lekang ho utloisisa phepelo ea mafura a 'mele bo kenyelletsa botenya ba letlalo, ho bapisa letheka ho ea lethekeng
Liteko tsa mali
Liteko tsa ho hlahloba tse kang ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), le skena sa imaginic resonance imaging (MRI)

Kalafo Bakeng sa Botenya

Morero oa kalafo ea botenya ke ho ba le boima bo botle le ho bo boloka. Kalafo e etsoa ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso le ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le mathata a bophelo bo botle.

Phetoho ea lijo: Mohato oa pele le oa mantlha o amoheloang ho phekola botenya ke liphetoho lijong. Ho fokotsa lik'hilojule le ho itloaetsa ho ja hantle hoa hlokahala. Kahoo qala ka ho fokotsa lik'hilojule, ho ja likarolo tse kholo tsa lijo tse nang le likhalori tse fokolang (joalo ka meroho le litholoana), ho ja lijo tse tsoang limeleng, joalo ka litholoana, meroho le lik'habohaedreite tsa lijo-thollo. Thibela tšebeliso ea hau ea li-carbohydrate tse phahameng kapa lijo tse mafura a mangata ^[12] .
Ho ikoetlisa: Ho eketsa mesebetsi ea hau ea 'mele ke mohato oa bohlokoa kalafong ea botenya. Batho ba nang le botenya ba hloka ho qeta bonyane metsotso e 150 ka beke ba ikoetlisa. E sebetsa hantle ebile e sebetsa hantle ho khetha boikoetliso bo thusang ho chesa likhalori. Liphetoho tse bonolo joalo ka ho nka litepisi ho fapana le lifti, ho lema, ho tsamaea hole ho fapana le ho nka koloi ea hau ho ka thusa ho theola boima boo bo eketsehileng ^[13] .
Phetoho ea boits'oaro: Mananeo a ho fetola boitšoaro a ka u thusa ho etsa liphetoho tseleng eo u phelang ka eona le ho u khothaletsa ho theola boima ba 'mele. E boetse e bitsoa kalafo ea boits'oaro, e ka u thusa ho u utloisisa hantle le litloaelo tsa hau le ho sebetsa ka nepo bakeng sa tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele. Ho batla lihlopha tsa tlhabollo le tšehetso ho ka ba molemo ^[14] .
Meriana: Ntle le boikoetliso le litloaelo tsa ho ja, meriana ea ngaka ea ho theola boima ba 'mele hape ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa kalafo ea botenya. Ngaka ea hau e ka 'na ea khothaletsa meriana ea ho theola boima ba' mele haeba mananeo a mang a ho ja le a ho ikoetlisa a se na thuso. Meriana e tla beoa ho latela nalane ea bophelo ba hau, hammoho le litla-morao tse ka bang teng.
Ho buoa: Hangata ho buuoa ho etsoa feela haeba motho a le motenya haholo. Bakeng sa linyeoe tse matla, lingaka li khetha opereishene ea ho theola boima ba 'mele, eo hape e bitsoang opereishene ea bariatric. Ts'ebetso ena ea ho buoa e thusa ho fokotsa maemo a ts'ebeliso ea hau (le) kapa e ka fokotsa ho monya lijo le likhalori. Tse ling tsa liopereishene tse tloaelehileng tsa ho theola boima ba 'mele li kenyelletsa ho buuoa ka mpeng, ho koalloa ka mpeng, ho feto-fetoha ha biliopancreatic ka switch ea duodenal le sleeve ea ka mpeng ^{[leshome le metso e mehlano]} ^[16] .

Ka Tsebiso ea ho Qetela ...

Botenya bo ka thibeloa. Ka ho amohela liphetoho tsa bophelo le khetho e nepahetseng ea lijo, u ka ithusa ho fumana boima boo bo eketsehileng. Se ke oa hlokomoloha boikoetliso ba letsatsi le letsatsi bonyane metsotso e 20-30, ja lijo tse matlafatsang joalo ka litholoana le meroho 'me u qobe ho ja lijo tse mafura a mangata.

Likhatiso tsa bana ka Sharan Jayanth

Sheba Litšupiso tsa Sengoloa

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[pedi]Tripathy, J. P., Thakur, J. S., Jeet, G., Chawla, S., Jain, S., & Prasad, R. (2016). Liphapang tsa litoropo le tsa mahaeng lijong, ho ikoetlisa le botenya India: na re bona tekano e kholo ea Maindia? Liphetho tse tsoang phuputsong ea STEPS ea likarolo tse fapaneng. Bophelo ba Sechaba ba BMC, 16 (1), 816.
[3]Filatova, O., Polovinkin, S., Baklanova, E., Plyasova, I., & Burtsev, Y. (2018). Likarolo tsa molao-motheo oa basali ba nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea botenya. Koranta ea Ukraine ea Ekonomi, 8 (2), 371-379.
[4]Gilmartin, S., Maclean, J., & Edwards, J. (2019). Mefuta ea 'mele ka mor'a ho buuoa ka botenya le ho bala letlalo hape: boemo ba bobeli ba tlhahlobo. Leqephe la Phekolo ea ho Buuoa le Patlisiso, 5 (1), 036-042.
[5]Allender, S., Owen, B., Kuhlberg, J., Lowe, J., Nagorcka-Smith, P., Whelan, J., & Bell, C. (2015). Setšoantšo sa sechaba sa lits'oants'o tsa botenya se baka. PloS e le 'ngoe, 10 (7), e0129683.
[6]Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Botenya ba bongoaneng: lisosa le litlamorao. Tlaleho ea meriana ea malapa le tlhokomelo ea mantlha, 4 (2), 187.
[7]Delgado, I., Huet, L., Dexpert, S., Beau, C., Forestier, D., Ledaguenel, P., ... & Capuron, L. (2018). Matšoao a sithabetsang a botenya: Monehelo o amanang le ho ruruha ha maemo a tlase le bophelo bo botle ba 'mele. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 91, 55-61.
[8]Blümel Méndez, J., Fica, J., Chedraui, P., Mezones Holguín, E., Zúñiga, M. C., Witis, S., ... & Ojeda, E. (2016). Ho lula feela ho basali ba lilemong tse bohareng ho amahanngoa le matšoao a matla a ho ilela khoeli le botenya.
[9]Camilleri, M., Malhi, H., & Acosta, A. (2017). Mathata a mala a botenya. Gastroenterology, 152 (7), 1656-1670.
[10]Jakobsen, G. S., Småstuen, M. C., Sandbu, R., Nordstrand, N., Hofsø, D., Lindberg, M., ... & Hjelmesæth, J. (2018). Mokhatlo oa ho etsa opereishene ea bariatric le kalafo ea botenya ba bongaka ka mathata a nako e telele a bongaka le li-comorbidities tse amanang le botena. Jama, 319 (3), 291-301.
[leshome le motso o mong]Suvan, J. E., Finer, N., & D'Aiuto, F. (2018). Mathata a nako le nako ka botenya. Nako ea nako 2000, 78 (1), 98-128.
[12]Nimptsch, K., Konigorski, S., & Pischon, T. (2018). Ho lemoha botenya le ts'ebeliso ea li-biomarker tsa botena ho saense le kalafo ea bongaka. Metabolism.
[13]Garvey, W. T. (2018). Tlhahlobo le Tlhatlhobo ea bakuli ba nang le botenya. Maikutlo a Hajoale ho Endocrine le Patlisiso ea Metabolic.
[14]Liu, J., Lee, J., Hernandez, M.A S., Mazitschek, R., & Ozcan, U. (2015). Kalafo ea botenya le celastrol. Sele, 161 (5), 999-1011.
[leshome le metso e mehlano]Kusminski, C. M., Bickel, P. E., & Scherer, P. E. (2016). Ho shebella lisele tsa adipose kalafong ea lefu la tsoekere le amanang le botenya. Litlhahlobo tsa tlhaho Ho sibolloa ha lithethefatsi, 15 (9), 639.
[16]Olson, K. (2017). Mekhoa ea boits'oaro ea kalafo ea botenya. Koranta ea Bongaka ea Bongaka ea Rhode Island, 100 (3), 21.