Ponelopele (Hyperopia): Lisosa, Matšoao, Tlhahlobo le Phekolo

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Ponelopele, eo hape e bitsoang hyperopia, ke boemo ba pono moo u ka bonang lintho tse hole hole, empa lintho tse haufi li hlakile. Boemo bo ka ba teng nakong ea tsoalo mme bo tloaetse ho matha ka malapeng.

Ke Eng se Bakang Hyperopia? ^[1]

Khoune le lense, likarolo ka bobeli tsa leihlo lia sebetsa ho kobeha kapa ho benya, khanya e kenang. Kornea ke bokaholimo bo hlakileng ba leihlo mme lense ke sebopeho kahare ho leihlo se ka fetolang sebopeho sa sona (ka thuso ea mesifa e khomarelitsoeng ho sona) se u lumellang ho tsepamisa maikutlo linthong.

Mohloli: litsi tsa lichelete

Cornea le lense li shebana le leseli le kenang ka har'a retina ea hau mme li u lumella ho bona setšoantšo se shebileng hantle. Empa, haeba sebōpeho sa cornea se bataletse kapa haeba leihlo la hao le le lekhuts'oane ho feta le tloaelehileng, leihlo la hau le ke ke la tsepamisa mohopolo ka nepo linthong. Sena se bolela hore cornea ea hau e ke ke ea khantša leseli hantle, ka hona ntlha ea ho tsepamisa mohopolo e oela ka morao ho retina, e etsang hore lintho tse haufi li hlake.

Matšoao a Hyperopia

• Ho tšoaroa ke hlooho
• Pono e lerootho
• Botlolo ba mahlo
• Mokhathala
• Ho sotha ho bona hantle
• Ho chesa kapa ho utloa bohloko ho potoloha kapa mahlong.
• Mathata a Hyperopia
• E ama boleng ba bophelo ba hau
• Ho kota kapa ho tsitsinya mahlo
• Mahlo a sefapano
• Polokeho ea hau e ka ba kotsing
• Moroalo oa lichelete

Nako ea ho bona Ngaka

Haeba o sa bone hantle mme boleng ba pono bo fokotsehile, ikopanye le ngaka ya mahlo. American Academy of Ophthalmology e khothaletsa litlhahlobo tsa mahlo tsa bana le batho ba baholo khafetsa.

Bana le bacha ^[pedi]

Hang ha bana ba qetile lilemo tse likhoeli tse tšeletseng, ba lokela ho hlahlojoa mahlo ka lekhetlo la pele. Kamora moo, ba lokela ho ea hlahlojoa mahlo ka botlalo lilemo tse 3. Hape, bana ba lokela ho hlahlojoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli nakong ea lilemo tsa bona tsa sekolo.

Batho ba baholo ^[3]

Haeba u le kotsing e kholo ea mafu a mahlo a kang glaucoma, etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo ho tloha ho lilemo tse 40, lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 2-4 pakeng tsa lilemo tse 40 le 54, lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 1-3 lipakeng tsa lilemo tse 55 le 64, le tse ling le tse ling Lilemo tse 1-2 ha u le lilemo li 65.

Tlhahlobo ea Hyperopia

Ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea mahlo mme ho latela liphetho, ho tla khothaletsoa tlhahlobo ea mahlo e ntlafalitsoeng, moo ngaka e behang marotholi mahlong a hau ho etsa hore barutoana ba hao ba atolohe. E lumella ngaka ho bona bokamorao ba leihlo la hao ka ho hlaka.

Phekolo ea Hyperopia

Lilense tsa ngaka

Ho ipapisitse le boholo ba pono ea nako e telele, o tla hloka lilense tsa ngaka ho ntlafatsa pono ea hau e haufi. E tla thusa ho loants'a lekhalo le fokotsehileng la cornea ea hau.

Mefuta ea lilense tsa ngaka e kenyelletsa likhalase tsa mahlo le lilense tsa puisano Likhalase tsa mahlo li na le mefuta e fapaneng e kenyeletsang bifocals, pono e le 'ngoe, li-trifocals le li-multifocals tse tsoelang pele.

Lilense tsa puisano le tsona li fumaneha ka meralo le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Kamehla buisana le ngaka pele u roala lilense tsa puisano.

Ho buuoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ^[4]

• Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) - Ngaka e buoang ea mahlo e tla etsa lesela le lesesaane le nang le hinged ho cornea ea hau, ka mor'a moo ho sebelisoa laser ho lokisa likhahla tsa cornea. Ts'ebetso ea ho hlaphoheloa ha ts'ebetso ena e potlakile ebile e baka mathata a fokolang.

• Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) - Ngaka e buoang e etsa sepakapaka se tšesaane haholo sekoahelong se sireletsang ka ntle sa cornea (epithelium) ebe e sebelisa laser ho nchafatsa likarolo tse kantle tsa cornea, ka hona e fetola mothinya oa eona ebe e nkela epithelium sebaka.

• Keratectomy ea maiketsetso (PRK) - Ts'ebetsong ena, ngaka e buoang e tlosa sekoaelo se sireletsang ka ntle sa cornea (epithelium) ka botlalo ebe e sebelisa laser ho nchafatsa cornea. Epithelium e hola ka tlhaho ho latela sebopeho sa cornea ea hau.

Thibelo ea Hyperopia

• Etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo khafetsa kapa selemo le selemo.

• Fokotsa khatello ea mahlo ka ho sheba hole le komporo ea hau metsotso e meng le e meng e 20 metsotsoana e 20 e ka bang maoto a 20.

• Sebelisa mabone a matle ha u ntse u bala buka.

• Qoba ho tsuba hobane e ama bophelo ba hau ba mahlo hampe.

• Apara likhalase tsa mahlo tse thibelang mahlaseli a UV.

• Apara liaparo tse sireletsang mahlo ha u ntse u bapala lipapali, u penta kapa u sebelisa lihlahisoa tse ntšang mosi o chefo.

• Ja lijo tse khothalletsang bophelo bo botle ba mahlo .

• Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere le khatello e phahameng ea mali, li boloke li laoloe kaha li ka ama pono ea hau.

Lipotso tse mabapi le Hyperopia

Q. Na pono ea nako e telele e ea ntlafala ka lilemo?

K. Bana ba nang le hyperopia e bobebe ho isa ho e itekanetseng ba ka bona lintho tse haufi le tse hole ntle le bothata hobane mesifa le lilense tse ka mahlong li ka hohotla hantle mme hyperopia e ka ntlafatsoa.

P. Na pono ea hau e tla mpefala haeba o sa roale likhalase ka linako tsohle?

A. Ho fanoa ka likhalase tsa mahlo ho u thusa ho bona hantle le ho fokotsa leihlo le ka bakang bohloko ba mahlo, ho opeloa ke hlooho le mokhathala.

P. Na hyperopia e mpefala le lilemo?

K. Ha o ntse o tsofala, pono ya hao ea fokola. Ha u le lilemo li 40, mahlo a hau a qala ho lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba ho tsepamisa maikutlo linthong tse haufi, tse bitsoang presbyopia. Haeba presbyopia e mpefala, pono e haufi le e hole e tla fifala.

P. U khetholla joang mokuli oa hyperopia (ea bonang ponelopele) ho presbyopia (e tloaelehileng, bothata bo amanang le lilemo le pono e haufi) ha a ntse a tla ka matšoao a eona?

K. Maemo ana ka bobeli a mahlo a na le matšoao a ts'oanang a ho fokotseha pela pono. Haeba teko ea hau ea mahlo e sa bontše khalemelo 'me u ka holimo ho lilemo tse 40, o kanna oa ba le presbyopia, boemo boo lense ea mahlo e lahleheloang ke ho sisinyeha ha eona e bakang ho fokotseha pela pono.

Mme batho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40 ba sa boneng lintho tse haufi ba tšoeroe ke hyperopia, e netefatsoang ka teko e bonts'ang phoso ea 'hyperopic refractive'.

1. [1]Castagno, V. D., Fassa, A. G., Carret, M. L., Vilela, M. A., & Meucci, R. D. (2014). Hyperopia: tlhahlobo ea litlhahlobo ea bongata le tlhahlobo ea lintlha tse amanang le bana ba lilemong tsa sekolo. BMC ophthalmology, 14, 163.
2. [pedi]Borchert, MS, Varma, R., Cotter, SA, Tarczy-Hornoch, K., McKean-Cowdin, R., Lin, JH,… Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Pediatric Study Mafu a Leihlo le Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study Groups (2011) . Lisosa tsa likotsi tsa hyperopia le myopia ho bana ba kenang sekolo sa mathomo mafu a mahlo a bana a litso tse fapaneng le lithuto tsa lefu la mahlo la Baltimore. Ophthalmology, 118 (10), 1966-1973.
3. [3]Iribarren, R., Hashemi, H., Khabazkhoob, M., Morgan, I. G., Emamian, M. H., Shariati, M., & Fotouhi, A. (2015). Matla a Hyperopia le Lens ho Batho ba baholo: The Shahroud Eye Study.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research, 10 (4), 400-407.
4. [4]Wilson, S. E. (2004). Ts'ebeliso ea lasers bakeng sa tokiso ea pono ea pono e haufi le pono. New England Journal of Medicine, 351 (5), 470-475.

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